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Understanding indoor air quality risks

Indoor air quality (IAQ) is an important factor in maintaining healthy and productive workplaces across New Zealand. Many newer buildings are designed for energy efficiency, which can limit natural airflow and allow indoor pollutants to build up. When ventilation is inadequate, occupants may experience headaches, fatigue, respiratory irritation, reduced concentration or general discomfort. In New Zealand, IAQ concerns often relate to internal building materials, office activities, cleaning agents, moisture problems and the performance of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Damp indoor conditions are a well-known contributor to air quality issues in many regions of the country.

Common contaminants found in New Zealand workplaces include:

  • CO2, airborne particles, VOCs and formaldehyde released from staff activities, furniture, fittings and building materials
  • Ozone and other by-products generated by printers and office equipment
  • Microbial contamination, including mould spores and bacteria, associated with moisture intrusion or HVAC hygiene issues.

These pollutants may cause short-term irritation or contribute to longer-term respiratory or allergenic effects. Symptoms often improve once a person leaves the building, which makes professional IAQ assessment essential for determining the underlying cause.

Indoor air quality

FAQs

  • When should indoor air quality be assessed in a workplace?

    Indoor air quality should be assessed when occupants experience symptoms such as headaches, fatigue or respiratory irritation, or where there are concerns around ventilation, moisture or potential contaminants within a building.

  • What causes poor indoor air quality in buildings?

    Poor indoor air quality is often linked to inadequate ventilation, building materials, office activities, cleaning products, moisture issues or poorly performing HVAC systems. These factors can allow pollutants to build up inside the building.

  • What workplace obligations exist for indoor air quality in New Zealand?

    Under the Health and Safety at Work Act 2015, PCBUs must ensure the work environment is without risks to health so far as reasonably practicable, including from airborne contaminants, which requires identifying risks, controlling exposure, and undertaking monitoring where needed.

Assessing and monitoring your air quality

Indoor air quality (IAQ) is an important factor in maintaining healthy and productive workplaces across New Zealand. Many newer buildings are designed for energy efficiency, which can limit natural airflow and allow indoor pollutants to build up. When ventilation is inadequate, occupants may experience headaches, fatigue, respiratory irritation, reduced concentration or general discomfort. In New Zealand, IAQ concerns often relate to internal building materials, office activities, cleaning agents, moisture problems and the performance of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Damp indoor conditions are a well-known contributor to air quality issues in many regions of the country.

Common contaminants found in New Zealand workplaces include:
  • CO2, airborne particles, VOCs and formaldehyde released from staff activities, furniture, fittings and building materials
  • Ozone and other by-products generated by printers and office equipment
  • Identification of sources of odours and chemical contaminants
  • Microbial contamination, including mould spores and bacteria, associated with moisture intrusion or HVAC hygiene issues.

These pollutants may cause short-term irritation or contribute to longer-term respiratory or allergenic effects. Symptoms often improve once a person leaves the building, which makes professional IAQ assessment essential for determining the underlying cause.

FAQs

  • What is indoor air quality and why is it important?

    Indoor air quality refers to the condition of air within a building and its impact on occupant health and comfort. Poor air quality can affect productivity and contribute to short-term symptoms or longer-term health effects.

  • What types of contaminants are commonly found in indoor environments?

    Common indoor contaminants include carbon dioxide, airborne particles, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), formaldehyde, ozone from office equipment and microbial contaminants such as mould spores and bacteria.

  • What are the signs of poor indoor air quality?

    Typical signs include headaches, fatigue, respiratory irritation, reduced concentration and general discomfort. These symptoms often improve when occupants leave the building.

  • How is indoor air quality assessed?

    Indoor air quality is assessed through targeted monitoring and investigation of potential contaminants, ventilation performance and environmental conditions within the building to identify underlying causes of issues.

  • Can indoor air quality issues be resolved?

    Yes. Once the source of the issue is identified, actions can be taken such as improving ventilation, addressing moisture problems or removing sources of contamination to improve air quality.