ALS offers PFAS (poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances) testing in environmental matrices and the option to include TOP assay to estimate the total content of these fluorinated compounds in samples
ALS offers the following methods, with over 30 individual compounds included. TOP assay may be performed on the listed matrices.
Matrix |
Method |
Reporting limit |
Drinking Water |
EPA 537 Rev 1.1 or 537.1 |
2 ng/l |
Drinking Water |
EPA 533 |
2 ng/L |
Sediment |
EPA 537Mod |
1 µg/kg |
Soil |
EPA 537Mod |
1 µg/kg |
Soil |
LC/MS/MS compliant with QSM 5.1 Table B-15 |
1 µg/kg |
Soil | ASTMD 7968 |
25 ug/Kg - 125 ug/Kg |
Tissue |
EPA 537Mod |
1 µg/kg |
Water |
EPA 537Mod |
2 ng/l |
Water | LC/MS/MS compliant with QSM 5.1 Table B-15 | 5 ng/L |
Water | EPA 8327 |
10ng/L - 50 ng/L |
Water | ASTM D7979 |
10ng/L - 50 ng/L |
Containers for Sampling
Contact ALS for sample container requirements. The use of unsuitable containers may compromise results.
About PFAS
Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) are a class of synthetic compounds widely used in industrial applications that are characterized by highly fluorinated hydrophobic linear carbon chain attached to a hydrophilic functional group. PFAS’ are of interest due to their extreme persistence in the environment, ability to bioaccumulate, toxicity potential, and adverse human health effects.
The chemical structure of PFAS’ gives them unique properties, such as thermal stability and the ability to repel water and oil, making them useful in a wide variety of industrial and consumer products (fabric stain protectors, waterproofing of fabric, non-stick cookware, food packaging, lubricants, firefighting foams).
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are two of the best known and most studied PFAS’. During the manufacturing process of some PFAS, and the use of PFAS products PFOA and PFOS have been released to the air, water and soil throughout the world. PFOA and PFOS have been detected in many isolated parts of the word indicating that long-range transport of these chemicals is possible.
Other PFAS’ of environmental concern include Perfluorooctane sulfonamides, sulfonamidoethanols, Fluorotelomer sulfonates, and other forms of Perfluoro carboxylates and Perfluorosulfonates.
EPA has found that there is suggestive evidence that PFOS and PFOA may cause cancer (EPA 2016d, 2016e).
The World Health Organization’s International Agency for Research on Cancer has found that PFOA is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B) (IARC 2016).
In May 2016, EPA established drinking water health advisories of 70 parts per trillion (0.07 micrograms per liter (µg/L)) for the combined concentrations of PFOS and PFOA. Above these levels, EPA recommends that drinking water systems take steps to assess contamination, inform consumers and limit exposure. The health advisory levels are based on the RfDs (EPA 2016b, 2016c).
PFAS FAQs
States that have adopted EPA HALs for PFOA and PFOS for drinking water: Alaska, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Maine, Montana, Ohio.
States that have adopted their own drinking water criteria: California, Florida, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Vermont, Washington, Wisconsin.
ALS laboratories are certified to analyze for PFAS in the following states. This list includes states that do not require or issue certification.
DoD, Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut*, California, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming.
What is TOP Assay
Traditional PFAS analyses report only of few of the thousands of known PFAS compounds and therefore may be under reporting the presence of these compounds in environmental samples.
However, an alternative method is available for PFAS analysis using Total Oxidizable Precursor Assay (TOP Assay). TOP Assay is a standardized pre-treatment of water samples or sample extracts designed to expose underlying PFAS not amenable to standard analysis. Perfluorinated carboxylates and sulfonates are stated to remain intact under the conditions of the assay.
Water samples, sample extracts (soil or water), or diluted foam products are incubated with potassium persulfate (60 mM) and sodium hydroxide (0.125 M) at 85°C for six hours. Samples are neutralized and then run for the full suite of PFAS compounds.
Note that this is an empirical test and comparable results can only be achieved by precisely following the conditions of the test.
Under the conditions of the assay, it is expected that fluortelomer sulfonates are broken down to shorter chain carboxylates by cleavage of the non-fluorinated portion of the molecule. Perfluorinated carboxylates and sulfonates are stated to remain intact under the conditions of the assay.
The TOP assay is capable of revealing the presence of PFAS that may, given time, weather to perfluorinated alkyl substances of concern, but is definitely not a predictor of the endpoint of abiotic and biotic breakdown in the field. Oxidation has been well considered as a treatment option. This includes both alkaline and heat activated persulfate, both of which are used in the TOP assay. In experiments performed at ALS, a 13C-labeled PFOS surrogate was added pre-oxidation and regularly recovered around 80%. Oxidation of a full analytical standard (not under standard conditions) also yielded less than a mass balance when summed, which indicated some loss to shorter chain PFAS carboxylates not normally quantified. On the flip side, if the oxidant is exhausted either by competition from non-PFAS organic carbon or high concentrations of PFAS, both qualitative and quantitative conversion of AFFF PFAS precursors may be incomplete.
In conclusion, the TOP assay is a useful tool in exposing the potential for ongoing contamination by PFAS compounds through biotic and abiotic weathering processes. Results, however, should be treated with caution, especially where health or ecological risk assessment is required. There may also be a case to expand analytical suites to cover other PFAS that may arise from weathering that might include some oxidation and hydrolysis, and, ideally, to have better models for predicting environmental endpoints of AFFF degradation.
Analyte | Acronym | ASTM D7979/ D7968 / EPA 8327 | EPA 537.1*† | EPA 537 Mod* | EPA 533*† |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Perfluorobutanoic acid | PFBA | X | X | X | |
Perfluoropentanoic acid | PFPeA | X | X | X | |
Perfluorohexanoic acid | PFHxA | X | X | X | X |
Perfluoroheptanoic acid | PFHpA | X | X | X | X |
Perfluorooctanoic acid | PFOA | X | X | X | X |
Perfluorononanoic acid | PFNA | X | X | X | X |
Perfluorodecanoic acid | PFDA | X | X | X | X |
Perfluoroundecanoic acid | PFUnA | X | X | X | X |
Perfluorododecanoic acid | PFDoA | X | X | X | X |
Perfluorotridecanoic Acid | PFTrDA | X | X | X | |
Perfluorotetradecanoic Acid | PFTeDA | X | X | X | |
Perfluorohexadecanoic Acid | PFHxDA | X | |||
Perfluorooctadecanoic Acid | PFODA | X | |||
Perfluorobutane sulfonate | PFBS | X | X | X | X |
Perfluoropentane sulfonic acid | PFPeS | X | X | X | |
Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid | PFHxS | X | X | X | X |
Perfluoroheptane sulfonic acid | PFHpS | X | X | X | |
Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid | PFOS | X | X | X | X |
Perfluorononane sulfonic acid | PFNS | X | X | ||
Perfluorodecane sulfonic acid | PFDS | X | X | ||
Perfluordodecane sulfonic acid | PFDoS | X | |||
Perfluorooctanesulfonamide | FOSA | X | X | ||
N-Methylperfluorooctane sulfonamide | N-MeFOSA | X | |||
N-Ethylperfluorooctane sulfonamide | N-EtFOSA | X | |||
N-Methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoethanol | N-MeFOSE | X | |||
N-Ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoethanol | N-EtFOSE | X | |||
N-Ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acid | N-EtFOSAA | X | X | X | |
N-Methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acid | N-MeFOSAA | X | X | X | |
4:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid | 4:2-FTS | X | X | X | |
6:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid | 6:2 FTS | X | X | X | |
8:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid | 8:2 FTS | X | X | X | |
10:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid | 10:2-FTS | X | |||
Hexafluoropropylene Oxide Dimer Acid | HFPO-DA | X | X | X | X |
11-Chloroeicosafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonate | 11Cl-Pf3OUdS | X | X | X | X |
9-Chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonate | 9Cl-PF3ONS | X | X | X | X |
4,8-Dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoic Acid | DONA | X | X | X | X |
Nonafluoro-3,6-dioxaheptanoic acid | NFDHA | X | |||
Perfluoro(2-ethoxyethane)sulfonic acid | PFEESA | X | |||
Perfluoro-3-methoxypropanoic acid | PFMPA | X | |||
Perfluoro-3-methoxybutanoic acid | PFMBA | X |
* EPA / modified methods utilize solid phase extraction.
† Drinking water method.
Compound | Acronym | Reporting Limit (ng/L) |
---|---|---|
Perfluorobutanoic acid | PFBA | 2 |
Perfluoropentanoic acid | PFPeA | 2 |
Perfluorohexanoic acid | PFHxA | 2 |
Perfluoroheptanoic acid | PFHpA | 2 |
Perfluorooctanoic acid | PFOA | 2 |
Perfluorononanoic acid | PFNA | 2 |
Perfluorodecanoic acid | PFDA | 2 |
Perfluoroundecanoic acid | PFUnA | 2 |
Perfluorododecanoic acid | PFDoA | 2 |
Perfluorotridecanoic Acid | PFTrDA | 2 |
Perfluorotetradecanoic Acid | PFTeDA | 2 |
Perfluorohexadecanoic Acid | PFHxDA | 2 |
Perfluorooctadecanoic Acid | PFODA | 2 |
Perfluorobutane sulfonate | PFBS | 2 |
Perfluoropentane sulfonic acid | PFPeS | 2 |
Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid | PFHxS | 2 |
Perfluoroheptane sulfonic acid | PFHpS | 2 |
Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid | PFOS | 2 |
Perfluorononane sulfonic acid | PFNS | 2 |
Perfluorodecane sulfonic acid | PFDS | 2 |
Perfluordodecane sulfonic acid | PFDoS | 2 |
Perfluorooctanesulfonamide | FOSA | 2 |
N-Methylperfluorooctane sulfonamide | N-MeFOSA | 2 |
N-Ethylperfluorooctane sulfonamide | N-EtFOSA | 2 |
N-Methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoethanol | N-MeFOSE | 2 |
N-Ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoethanol | N-EtFOSE | 2 |
N-Ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acid | N-EtFOSAA | 2 |
N-Methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acid | N-MeFOSAA | 2 |
4:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid | 4:2-FTS | 2 |
6:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid | 6:2 FTS | 2 |
8:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid | 8:2 FTS | 2 |
Hexafluoropropylene Oxide Dimer Acid | HFPO-DA | 2 |
11-Chloroeicosafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonate | 11Cl-Pf3OUdS | 2 |
9-Chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonate | 9Cl-PF3ONS | 2 |
4,8-Dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoic Acid | DONA | 2 |
Nonafluoro-3,6-dioxaheptanoic acid | NFDHA | 2 |
Perfluoro(2-ethoxyethane)sulfonic acid | PFEESA | 2 |
Perfluoro-3-methoxypropanoic acid | PFMPA | |
Perfluoro-3-methoxybutanoic acid | PFMBA |
Compound | Acronym | Reporting Limit (ng/L) |
---|---|---|
Perfluorohexanoic acid | PFHxA | 2 |
Perfluoroheptanoic acid | PFHpA | 2 |
Perfluorooctanoic acid | PFOA | 2 |
Perfluorononanoic acid | PFNA | 2 |
Perfluorodecanoic acid | PFDA | 2 |
Perfluoroundecanoic acid | PFUnA | 2 |
Perfluorododecanoic acid | PFDoA | 2 |
Perfluorotridecanoic Acid | PFTrDA | 2 |
Perfluorotetradecanoic Acid | PFTeDA | 2 |
Perfluorohexadecanoic Acid | PFHxDA | 2 |
Perfluorooctadecanoic Acid | PFODA | 2 |
Perfluorobutane sulfonate | PFBS | 2 |
Perfluoropentane sulfonic acid | PFPeS | 2 |
Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid | PFHxS | 2 |
Perfluoroheptane sulfonic acid | PFHpS | 2 |
Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid | PFOS | 2 |
Perfluorononane sulfonic acid | PFNS | 2 |
Perfluorodecane sulfonic acid | PFDS | 2 |
Perfluordodecane sulfonic acid | PFDoS | 2 |
Perfluorooctanesulfonamide | FOSA | 2 |
N-Methylperfluorooctane sulfonamide | N-MeFOSA | 2 |
N-Ethylperfluorooctane sulfonamide | N-EtFOSA | 2 |
N-Methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoethanol | N-MeFOSE | 2 |
N-Ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoethanol | N-EtFOSE | 2 |
N-Ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acid | N-EtFOSAA | 2 |
N-Methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acid | N-MeFOSAA | 2 |
4:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid | 4:2-FTS | 2 |
6:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid | 6:2 FTS | 2 |
8:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid | 8:2 FTS | 2 |
10:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid | 10:2-FTS | 2 |
Hexafluoropropylene Oxide Dimer Acid | HFPO-DA | 2 |
11-Chloroeicosafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonate | 11Cl-Pf3OUdS | 2 |
9-Chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonate | 9Cl-PF3ONS | 2 |
4,8-Dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoic Acid | DONA | 2 |
Compound | Acronym | Reporting Limit (ng/L) |
---|---|---|
Perfluorobutanoic acid | PFBA | 5 |
Perfluoropentanoic acid | PFPeA | 5 |
Perfluorohexanoic acid | PFHxA | 5 |
Perfluoroheptanoic acid | PFHpA | 5 |
Perfluorooctanoic acid | PFOA | 5 |
Perfluorononanoic acid | PFNA | 2 |
Perfluorodecanoic acid | PFDA | 5 |
Perfluoroundecanoic acid | PFUnA | 5 |
Perfluorododecanoic acid | PFDoA | 5 |
Perfluorotridecanoic Acid | PFTrDA | 5 |
Perfluorotetradecanoic Acid | PFTeDA | 5 |
Perfluorohexadecanoic Acid | PFHxDA | 5 |
Perfluorooctadecanoic Acid | PFODA | 5 |
Perfluorobutane sulfonate | PFBS | 5 |
Perfluoropentane sulfonic acid | PFPeS | 5 |
Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid | PFHxS | 5 |
Perfluoroheptane sulfonic acid | PFHpS | 5 |
Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid | PFOS | 2 |
Perfluorononane sulfonic acid | PFNS | 5 |
Perfluorodecane sulfonic acid | PFDS | 5 |
Perfluordodecane sulfonic acid | PFDoS | 5 |
Perfluorooctanesulfonamide | FOSA | 5 |
N-Methylperfluorooctane sulfonamide | N-MeFOSA | 5 |
N-Ethylperfluorooctane sulfonamide | N-EtFOSA | 5 |
N-Methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoethanol | N-MeFOSE | 5 |
N-Ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoethanol | N-EtFOSE | 5 |
N-Ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acid | N-EtFOSAA | 5 |
N-Methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acid | N-MeFOSAA | 5 |
4:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid | 4:2-FTS | 5 |
6:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid | 6:2 FTS | 5 |
8:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid | 8:2 FTS | 5 |
10:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid | 10:2-FTS | 5 |
Hexafluoropropylene Oxide Dimer Acid | HFPO-DA | 5 |
11-Chloroeicosafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonate | 11Cl-Pf3OUdS | 5 |
9-Chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonate | 9Cl-PF3ONS | 5 |
4,8-Dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoic Acid | DONA | 5 |
Compound | Acronym | Reporting Limit (ng/L) |
---|---|---|
Perfluorobutanoic acid | PFBA | 50 |
Perfluoropentanoic acid | PFPeA | 50 |
Perfluorohexanoic acid | PFHxA | 50 |
Perfluoroheptanoic acid | PFHpA | 50 |
Perfluorooctanoic acid | PFOA | 10 |
Perfluorononanoic acid | PFNA | 10 |
Perfluorodecanoic acid | PFDA | 50 |
Perfluoroundecanoic acid | PFUnA | 50 |
Perfluorododecanoic acid | PFDoA | 50 |
Perfluorotridecanoic Acid | PFTrDA | 50 |
Perfluorotetradecanoic Acid | PFTeDA | 50 |
Perfluorobutane sulfonate | PFBS | 10 |
Perfluoropentane sulfonic acid | PFPeS | 10 |
Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid | PFHxS | 50 |
Perfluoroheptane sulfonic acid | PFHpS | 50 |
Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid | PFOS | 10 |
Perfluorononane sulfonic acid | PFNS | 50 |
Perfluorodecane sulfonic acid | PFDS | 10 |
Perfluorooctanesulfonamide | FOSA | 10 |
N-Ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acid | N-EtFOSAA | 50 |
N-Methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acid | N-MeFOSAA | 50 |
4:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid | 4:2-FTS | 50 |
6:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid | 6:2 FTS | 50 |
8:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid | 8:2 FTS | 50 |
Hexafluoropropylene Oxide Dimer Acid | HFPO-DA | 50 |
11-Chloroeicosafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonate | 11Cl-Pf3OUdS | 10 |
9-Chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonate | 9Cl-PF3ONS | 10 |
4,8-Dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoic Acid | DONA | 10 |
Compound | Acronym | Reporting Limit (ng/L) |
---|---|---|
Perfluoropentanoic acid | PFPeA | 125 |
Perfluorohexanoic acid | PFHxA | 125 |
Perfluoroheptanoic acid | PFHpA | 125 |
Perfluorooctanoic acid | PFOA | 25 |
Perfluorononanoic acid | PFNA | 25 |
Perfluorodecanoic acid | PFDA | 125 |
Perfluoroundecanoic acid | PFUnA | 125 |
Perfluorododecanoic acid | PFDoA | 125 |
Perfluorotridecanoic Acid | PFTrDA | 125 |
Perfluorotetradecanoic Acid | PFTeDA | 125 |
Perfluorobutane sulfonate | PFBS | 25 |
Perfluoropentane sulfonic acid | PFPeS | 25 |
Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid | PFHxS | 125 |
Perfluoroheptane sulfonic acid | PFHpS | 125 |
Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid | PFOS | 25 |
Perfluorononane sulfonic acid | PFNS | 125 |
Perfluorodecane sulfonic acid | PFDS | 25 |
Perfluorooctanesulfonamide | FOSA | 25 |
N-Ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acid | N-EtFOSAA | 125 |
N-Methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acid | N-MeFOSAA | 125 |
4:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid | 4:2-FTS | 125 |
6:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid | 6:2 FTS | 125 |
8:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid | 8:2 FTS | 125 |
Hexafluoropropylene Oxide Dimer Acid | HFPO-DA | 125 |
11-Chloroeicosafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonate | 11Cl-Pf3OUdS | 25 |
9-Chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonate | 9Cl-PF3ONS | 25 |
4,8-Dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoic Acid | DONA | 25 |
Compound | Acronym | Reporting Limit (ng/L) |
---|---|---|
Perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS) | PFBS | 1000 |
Perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA) | PFPeA | 1000 |
Perfluoropentanoic sulfonic acid (PFPeS) | PFPeS | 1000 |
Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) | PFHxA | 1000 |
Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) | PFHxS | 1000 |
Perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) | PFHpA | 1000 |
Perfluoroheptane sulfonic acid (PFHpS) | PFHpS | 1000 |
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) | PFOA | 1000 |
Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) | PFOS | 1000 |
Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) | PFNA | 1000 |
Perfluorononanoic sulfonic acid (PFNS) | PFNS | 1000 |
Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) | PFDA | 1000 |
Perfluorodecane sulfonic acid (PFDS) | PFDS | 1000 |
Perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) | PFUnDA | 1000 |
Perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoDA) | PFDoDA | 1000 |
Perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA) | FOSA | 1000 |
N-Methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide (MeFOSA) | MeFOSA | 1000 |
N-Ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide (EtFOSA) | EtFOSA | 1000 |
Perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA) | PFTrDA | 1000 |
Perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTeDA) | PFTeDA | 1000 |
N-Methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoethanol (MeFOSE) | MeFOSE | 1000 |
N-Ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoethanol (EtFOSE) | EtFOSE | 1000 |
N-Methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acid (MeFOSAA) | MeFOSAA | 1000 |
N-Ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acid (EtFOSAA) | EtFOSAA | 1000 |
4:2 Fluorotelomersulfonic acid (4:2 FTS) | 4:2 FTS | 1000 |
6:2 Fluorotelomersulfonic acid (6:2 FTS) | 6:2 FTS | 1000 |
8:2 Fluorotelomersulfonic acid (8:2 FTS) | 8:2 FTS | 1000 |
10:2 Flluorotelomersulfonic acid (10:2 FTS) | 10:2 FTS | 1000 |
Hexafluoropropylene Oxide Dimer Acid (HFPO-DA) | HFPO-DA | 1000 |
4,8-Dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoic Acid | ADONA | 1000 |
9-Chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonate | 9Cl-PF3ONS | 1000 |
11-Chloroeicosafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonate | 11Cl-PF3OUdS | 1000 |